Do Aid Work By Giving Money Away

in section Commentary

21 Jul 2003

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If you were down on your luck, would you want me to give you a sack of wheat? Or would you rather have money to buy what you need? Fine. Victims of humanitarian crises are like that too. In most cases people with money in their pockets can solve their own problems. Even many famines happen a day or two's drive by a determined trucker from a place where food is for sale. There are times and places where civil and commercial order has gone by the board; then you really do need the kind of activity we normally think of as aid work: convoys, feeding stations, Hercules transporters. But even in unpromising circumstances the micro-economy is often ready and willing to do the job more cheaply.

Of course, you can't just give money away. You have to give it to people who need it, and in a way that it doesn’t get stolen. Fine – you had to do that when you were giving away sacks of wheat, too. Then again maybe you fear that if you give people money, shopkeepers overcharge them. I think often this is the opposite of true. An aid agency buying in bulk should have some buying power: but in practice you don’t have the time or staff to check what you buy, or you pay over the odds to import in bulk, or you are in a hurry and suppliers give you the runaround. On the other hand if you put a hundred dollars in the hands of a very poor person he goes from stall to stall and haggles like hell.

Granted, sometimes there are only a few shops selling at famine prices and the little guy gets ripped off. But the answer is simple: open another shop. Don’t buy two hundred tons of wheat at $6 a sack and give them away. Give everyone five bucks, then buy two hundred sacks and offer them for sale at $5 each. You bet the rest of the bazaar puts its price down to $4.75. People get their wheat just the same, but you save money for the next disaster, and everyone has 25 cents in change.

A tougher problem is that the best thing to do with the money may be different for the individual and the community. A refugee family gets money to help return to their native village. What would you do in their shoes? They may quite reasonably stuff it under the mattress against another catastrophe. But what the aid agency wants is that they go home and build a house, because if enough people do that there is a populous village again; then the dangers of returning reduce, and a future catastrophe is less likely.

In short, the main problem with money is, maybe people don't spend it as you hoped. This, though, is a problem with any kind of assistance. Everything can be sold, and most things can be stolen. The micro-economy is always working, even if it's not always working for you. If you want someone to build a house, you think just because you give him some roof beams, rather than the money to buy them, that he's going to build a house? Not if he doesn't want to. He sells the beams. Any thing with value can become money. The only difference is, if you give money you cut out the middle man. The only way to solve this problem, whether you gave money or things, is by arduous and unglamorous paperwork, supplemented by regular Going To Look.

I can’t help wondering if this is part of why giving money away is not more popular in the aid world. If you have a big convoy with sacks and pallets of useful things, you see that happening and you get a feeling of doing something useful already. Then the sacks have gone and the pallets are empty, and the job is done – or so you think. Convoys are a thrill. Feeding stations are a noble enterprise. Checking people did something sensible with money before you give them more is dull. And if you labour under a thoughtless loathing of capitalism, which attitude seems to correlate with the admirable compassion that drives many people into aid work, you may even think money is inherently wicked and corrupting.

In fact it is none of these things. Putting money in people’s hands respects their ability to solve their own problems, and their prerogative to decide which problems are most urgent. It encourages the local economy rather than swamping it. It lets people come up with ways to do things that a foreigner could not think up in a month of Sundays. And it’s cheap.

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i live in a poor area,with low wages,and in need of house repair and a small increase in my standard of living,we can never get ahead,always a new problem to deal with,,i would greatly apreciate any kind of help,and really do need it,life should be made a bit easier,for everyone,thank you,,Robert,,,

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my names ivan im 40yrs old and insulin dependant,i live with my mom and was raised poor,i do own a 1989 wrecker however i cannot compete with the bigger companies out there,my mom recently had a quadruple bypass and between her recovery and medication cost along with my rent,utilities,groceries,phone bill etc. i am totally drained.as of this writing we have been eating red beans and drinking water for the last 43 days. if there is anyone who is able to donate any financial donation please e me for the address.god bless those who are able and god bless those who are not.......ivan

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